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场景：
1.在windows上我们可以通过WideCharToMultiByte和MultiByteToWideChar直接转换或间接转换编码,但是在linux或mac上却没有那么方便的系统api了，这时候可以使用libiconv库来进行转码，质量还是很高的。
2.以下我们把utf8编码字符串转换为utf16-le（小端序）编码。
文件test_iconv.cpp,是utf8编码。
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
#include "iconv.h"
int GetUtf8LetterNumber(const char *s)
{
int i = 0, j = 0;
while (s[i])
{
if ((s[i] & 0xc0) != 0x80) j++;
i++;
}
return j;
}
int main(int argc,char *argv[])
{
iconv_t cd = NULL;
cd = iconv_open("UTF-16LE", "UTF-8");
char *inptr = (char*)"我们的国家";
char* inptr1 = inptr;
size_t length_i = strlen(inptr);
printf("length_i %d\n",length_i);
size_t length = GetUtf8LetterNumber(inptr)*2;
size_t lengtht = length;
printf("length %d\n",length);
char* temp_dest = (char*)malloc(length+2);
char* temp_destt = temp_dest;
memset(temp_dest,0,length+2);
size_t result = iconv(cd, &inptr1, &length_i, &temp_dest, &length);
if (result != (size_t) -1)
{
iconv_close(cd);
}
printf("length %d\n",length);
printf("length_i %d\n",length_i);
for(int i = 0;i<lengtht;++i)
{
printf("%x\n",(unsigned char)temp_destt[i]);
}
}
输出utf16-le的16进制编码.
length_i 15
length 10
length 0
length_i 0
11
62
ec
4e
84
76
fd
56
b6
5b
注意：参数length_i和length是递减的，这样原来的值会丢失，所以重新赋给新的值。
size_t iconv (iconv_t cd,
const char* * inbuf, size_t * inbytesleft,
char* * outbuf, size_t * outbytesleft);
The iconv function converts one multibyte character at a time, and for each character conversion it increments *inbuf and
decrements *inbytesleft by the number of converted input bytes, it increments *outbuf and decrements *outbytesleft by the number
of converted output bytes, and it updates the conversion state contained in cd.
看这里有iconv函数解释地址：
http://www.gnu.org/savannah-checkouts/gnu/libiconv/documentation/libiconv-1.13/iconv.3.html
这里是支持的编解码列表：
http://www.gnu.org/savannah-checkouts/gnu/libiconv/documentation/libiconv-1.13/iconv_open.3.html
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