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在学习和工作开发的时候，经常需要使用到各种各样不太常用的操作，这种情况一般是自己手动写一些小程序来处理。因为它们不太常用，所以经常用了又没保存，等到下一次在使用的时候又需要重写，这样的非常浪费时间和精力。所以想在这里统一记录一下，以备下次重新使用。代码以实用为主，如果缺陷，欢迎指出。
（一）十六进制字符转整型数字
功能：将16进制的字符串转换为10进制的数字。我是没有找到相应的库函数，所以参考网上的代码自己手动写了个函数来实现。常用的函数有atoi,atol,他们都是将10进制的数字字符串转换为int或是long类型，所以在有些情况下不适用。
/*=============================================================================
# FileName: hex2dec.cpp
# Desc: Convert a hex string to a int number
# Author: Caibiao Lee
# Version:
# LastChange: 2018-11-26
# History:
=============================================================================*/
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <ctype.h>
int c2i(char ch)
{
// 如果是数字，则用数字的ASCII码减去48, 如果ch = '2' ,则 '2' - 48 = 2
if(isdigit(ch))
return ch - 48;
// 如果是字母，但不是A~F,a~f则返回
if( ch < 'A' || (ch > 'F' && ch < 'a') || ch > 'z' )
return -1;
// 如果是大写字母，则用数字的ASCII码减去55, 如果ch = 'A' ,则 'A' - 55 = 10
// 如果是小写字母，则用数字的ASCII码减去87, 如果ch = 'a' ,则 'a' - 87 = 10
if(isalpha(ch))
return isupper(ch) ? ch - 55 : ch - 87;
return -1;
}
int hex2dec(char *hex)
{
int len;
int num = 0;
int temp;
int bits;
int i;
char str[64] = {0};
if(NULL==hex)
{
printf("input para error \n");
return 0;
}
if(('0'==hex[0])&&(('X'==hex[1])||('x'==hex[1])))
{
strcpy(str,&hex[2]);
}else
{
strcpy(str,hex);
}
printf("input num = %s \n",str);
// 此例中 str = "1de" 长度为3, hex是main函数传递的
len = strlen(str);
for (i=0, temp=0; i<len; i++, temp=0)
{
// 第一次：i=0, *(str + i) = *(str + 0) = '1', 即temp = 1
// 第二次：i=1, *(str + i) = *(str + 1) = 'd', 即temp = 13
// 第三次：i=2, *(str + i) = *(str + 2) = 'd', 即temp = 14
temp = c2i( *(str + i) );
// 总共3位，一个16进制位用 4 bit保存
// 第一次：'1'为最高位，所以temp左移 (len - i -1) * 4 = 2 * 4 = 8 位
// 第二次：'d'为次高位，所以temp左移 (len - i -1) * 4 = 1 * 4 = 4 位
// 第三次：'e'为最低位，所以temp左移 (len - i -1) * 4 = 0 * 4 = 0 位
bits = (len - i - 1) * 4;
temp = temp << bits;
// 此处也可以用 num += temp;进行累加
num = num | temp;
}
// 返回结果
return num;
}
int main(int argc, char **argv)
{
int l_s32Ret = 0;
if(2!=argc)
{
printf("=====ERROR!======\n");
printf("usage: %s Num \n", argv[0]);
printf("eg 1: %s 0x400\n", argv[0]);
return 0;
}
l_s32Ret = hex2dec(argv[1]);
printf("value hex = 0x%x \n",l_s32Ret);
printf("value dec = %d \n",l_s32Ret);
return 0;
}
运行结果：
biao@ubuntu:~/test/flash$ ./a.out 0x400
input num = 400
value hex = 0x400
value dec = 1024
biao@ubuntu:~/test/flash$
（二）字符串转整型
功能：将正常输入的16进制或是10进制的字符串转换为int数据类型
/*=============================================================================
# FileName: hex2dec.cpp
# Desc: Convert a hex/dec string to a int number
# Author: Caibiao Lee
# Version:
# LastChange: 2018-12-03
# History:
=============================================================================*/
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <ctype.h>
int String2int(char *strChar)
{
int len=0;
const char *pstrCmp1="0123456789ABCDEF";
const char *pstrCmp2="0123456789abcdef";
char *pstr=NULL;
int uiValue=0;
int j=0;
unsigned int t=0;
int i=0;
if(NULL==strChar)
return -1;
if(0>=(len=strlen((const char *)strChar)))
return -1;
if(NULL!=(pstr=strstr(strChar,"0x"))||NULL!=(pstr=strstr(strChar,"0X")))
{
pstr=(char *)strChar+2;
if(0>=(len=strlen((const char *)pstr)))
return -1;
for(i=(len-1);i>=0;i--)
{
if(pstr[i]>'F')
{
for(t=0;t<strlen((const char *)pstrCmp2);t++)
{
if(pstrCmp2[t]==pstr[i])
uiValue|=(t<<(j++*4));
}
}
else
{
for(t=0;t<strlen((const char *)pstrCmp1);t++)
{
if(pstrCmp1[t]==pstr[i])
uiValue|=(t<<(j++*4));
}
}
}
}
else
{
uiValue=atoi((const char*)strChar);
}
return uiValue;
}
int main(int argc, char **argv)
{
int l_s32Ret = 0;
if(2!=argc)
{
printf("=====ERROR!======\n");
printf("usage: %s Num \n", argv[0]);
printf("eg 1: %s 0x400\n", argv[0]);
return 0;
}
l_s32Ret = String2int(argv[1]);
printf("value hex = 0x%x \n",l_s32Ret);
printf("value dec = %d \n",l_s32Ret);
return 0;
}
（三）创建文件并填充固定数据
功能：创建固定大小的一个文件，并且把这个文件填充为固定的数据。
/*=============================================================================
# FileName: CreateFile.cpp
# Desc: 创建固定大小的文件，然后填充固定的数据
# Author: Caibiao Lee
# Version:
# LastChange: 2018-11-26
# History:
=============================================================================*/
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <ctype.h>
//#define FILL_DATA_VALUE 0xff
#define FILL_DATA_VALUE 0x30 //char 0
int c2i(char ch)
{
if(isdigit(ch))
return ch - 48;
if( ch < 'A' || (ch > 'F' && ch < 'a') || ch > 'z' )
return -1;
if(isalpha(ch))
return isupper(ch) ? ch - 55 : ch - 87;
return -1;
}
int hex2dec(char *hex)
{
int len;
int num = 0;
int temp;
int bits;
int i;
char str[64] = {0};
if(NULL==hex)
{
printf("input para error \n");
return 0;
}
if(('0'==hex[0])&&(('X'==hex[1])||('x'==hex[1])))
{
strcpy(str,&hex[2]);
}else
{
strcpy(str,hex);
}
printf("input num = %s \n",str);
len = strlen(str);
for (i=0, temp=0; i<len; i++, temp=0)
{
temp = c2i( *(str + i) );
bits = (len - i - 1) * 4;
temp = temp << bits;
num = num | temp;
}
return num;
}
int main(int argc, char **argv)
{
FILE *l_pFile = NULL;
int l_s32Rest = 0;
unsigned int l_WriteLen = 0;
unsigned int l_FileLen = 0;
unsigned char TempData[1024] = {FILL_DATA_VALUE};
if(3!=argc)
{
printf("usage: %s FileName FileLen \n ", argv[0]);
printf("eg: %s ./Outfile.bin 0x400 \n ", argv[0]);
return 0;
};
const char *l_pFileName = argv[1];
if(NULL==l_pFileName)
{
printf("input file name is NULL \n");
return -1;
}
if(('0'==argv[2][0])&&(('X'==argv[2][1])||('x'==argv[2][1])))
{
l_FileLen = hex2dec(argv[2]);
}else
{
l_FileLen = atoi(argv[2]);
}
printf("Need To Write Data Len %d \n",l_FileLen);
printf("Fill Data Vale = 0x%x \n",FILL_DATA_VALUE);
for(int i=0;i<1024;i++)
{
TempData[i] = FILL_DATA_VALUE;
}
l_pFile = fopen(l_pFileName,"w+");
if(l_pFile==NULL)
{
printf("open file %s error \n",l_pFileName);
return -1;
}
while(l_WriteLen<l_FileLen)
{
if(l_FileLen<1024)
{
l_s32Rest = fwrite(TempData,1,l_FileLen,l_pFile);
}
else
{
l_s32Rest = fwrite(TempData,1,1024,l_pFile);
}
if(l_s32Rest <= 0)
{
break;
};
l_WriteLen +=l_s32Rest;
}
if(NULL!=l_pFile)
{
fclose(l_pFile);
l_pFile = NULL;
}
return 0;
}
运行结果：
biao@ubuntu:~/test/flash$ gcc CreateFile.cpp
biao@ubuntu:~/test/flash$ ls
a.out CreateFile.cpp hex2dec.cpp main.cpp out.bin
biao@ubuntu:~/test/flash$ ./a.out ./out.bin 0x10
input num = 10
Need To Write Data Len 16
Fill Data Vale = 0x30
biao@ubuntu:~/test/flash$ ls
a.out CreateFile.cpp hex2dec.cpp main.cpp out.bin
biao@ubuntu:~/test/flash$ vim out.bin
1 0000000000000000
（四）批量处理图片
功能：批处理将图片前面固定的字节数删除。
/*=============================================================================
# FileName: CutFile.cpp
# Desc: 批量处理，将图片的前面固定字节删除
# Author: Caibiao Lee
# Version:
# LastChange: 2018-11-26
# History:
=============================================================================*/
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <sys/stat.h>
#define START_READ_POSITION 128
#define PHOTO_START_TIME 83641
//l_s32PhotoTime = 92809;
int Cut_file(char * InputFile)
{
FILE *l_pFileInput = NULL;
FILE *l_pFileOutput = NULL;
char l_ars8OutputName[128] = {0};
unsigned char l_arru8TempData[1024] = {0};
int l_s32Ret = 0;
static unsigned int ls_u32Num = 0;
if(NULL== InputFile)
{
goto ERROR;
}
//sprintf(l_ars8OutputName,"./outfile/_%s",&InputFile[8]);
sprintf(l_ars8OutputName,"./outfile/00%d.jpg",ls_u32Num++);
//printf("out file name %s \n",l_ars8OutputName);
l_pFileInput = fopen(InputFile,"rb+");
if(NULL==l_pFileInput)
{
printf("input file open error\n");
goto ERROR;
}
l_pFileOutput = fopen(l_ars8OutputName,"w+");
if(NULL==l_pFileOutput)
{
printf("out file open error\n");
goto ERROR;
}
fseek(l_pFileInput,START_READ_POSITION,SEEK_SET);
while(!feof(l_pFileInput))
{
l_s32Ret = fread(l_arru8TempData,1,1024,l_pFileInput);
if(l_s32Ret<0)
{
break;
}
l_s32Ret = fwrite(l_arru8TempData,1,l_s32Ret,l_pFileOutput);
if(l_s32Ret<0)
{
break;
}
}
ERROR:
if(NULL!=l_pFileOutput)
{
fclose(l_pFileOutput);
l_pFileOutput =NULL;
};
if(NULL !=l_pFileInput);
{
fclose(l_pFileInput);
l_pFileInput =NULL;
}
}
int main(void)
{
char l_arrs8InputName[128] = {0};
char l_s8PhotoChannel = 0;
int l_s32PhotoTime = 0;
l_s8PhotoChannel = 3;
l_s32PhotoTime = PHOTO_START_TIME;
/**从第一通道开始**/
for(int j=1;j<l_s8PhotoChannel;j++)
{
for(int i=l_s32PhotoTime;i<235959;i++)
{
memset(l_arrs8InputName,0,sizeof(l_arrs8InputName));
sprintf(l_arrs8InputName,"./image/%dY%06d.jpg",j,i);
if(0==access(l_arrs8InputName,F_OK))
{
printf("%s\n",l_arrs8InputName);
Cut_file(l_arrs8InputName);
}
}
}
}
运行结果：
biao@ubuntu:~/test/photo$ gcc CutFile.cpp
biao@ubuntu:~/test/photo$ ls
a.out CutFile.cpp image outfile
biao@ubuntu:~/test/photo$ ./a.out
./image/1Y083642.jpg
./image/1Y083714.jpg
./image/1Y083747.jpg
./image/1Y083820.jpg
./image/1Y083853.jpg
./image/1Y083925.jpg
./image/1Y084157.jpg
./image/1Y084228.jpg
./image/1Y084301.jpg
./image/1Y084334.jpg
./image/1Y084406.jpg
./image/1Y084439.jpg
./image/1Y084711.jpg
./image/1Y084742.jpg
./image/1Y173524.jpg
./image/1Y173556.jpg
./image/1Y173629.jpg
./image/1Y173702.jpg
./image/1Y173933.jpg
./image/1Y174004.jpg
./image/1Y174244.jpg
./image/1Y174315.jpg
./image/1Y174348.jpg
./image/1Y174420.jpg
./image/1Y174454.jpg
./image/1Y174733.jpg
biao@ubuntu:~/test/photo$ tree
.
├── a.out
├── CutFile.cpp
├── image
│ ├── 1Y083642.jpg
│ ├── 1Y083714.jpg
│ ├── 1Y083747.jpg
│ ├── 1Y083820.jpg
│ ├── 1Y083853.jpg
│ ├── 1Y083925.jpg
│ ├── 1Y084157.jpg
│ ├── 1Y084228.jpg
│ ├── 1Y084301.jpg
│ ├── 1Y084334.jpg
│ ├── 1Y084406.jpg
│ ├── 1Y084439.jpg
│ ├── 1Y084711.jpg
│ ├── 1Y084742.jpg
│ ├── 1Y173524.jpg
│ ├── 1Y173556.jpg
│ ├── 1Y173629.jpg
│ ├── 1Y173702.jpg
│ ├── 1Y173933.jpg
│ ├── 1Y174004.jpg
│ ├── 1Y174244.jpg
│ ├── 1Y174315.jpg
│ ├── 1Y174348.jpg
│ ├── 1Y174420.jpg
│ ├── 1Y174454.jpg
│ └── 1Y174733.jpg
└── outfile
├── 000.jpg
├── 0010.jpg
├── 0011.jpg
├── 0012.jpg
├── 0013.jpg
├── 0014.jpg
├── 0015.jpg
├── 0016.jpg
├── 0017.jpg
├── 0018.jpg
├── 0019.jpg
├── 001.jpg
├── 0020.jpg
├── 0021.jpg
├── 0022.jpg
├── 0023.jpg
├── 0024.jpg
├── 0025.jpg
├── 002.jpg
├── 003.jpg
├── 004.jpg
├── 005.jpg
├── 006.jpg
├── 007.jpg
├── 008.jpg
└── 009.jpg
2 directories, 54 files
biao@ubuntu:~/test/photo$
运行前需要创建两个目录，image用来存放需要处理的图片，outfile用来存放处理过后的文件。这种处理文件批处理方式很暴力，偶尔用用还是可以的。
（五）海思HI3520 IO控制小程序
嵌入式设备系统一般为了节省空间，一般都会对系统进行裁剪，所以很多有用的命令都会被删除。在嵌入式设备中要调试代码也是比较麻烦的，一般只能看串口打印。现在写了个小程序，专门用来查看和控制海思Hi3520DV300芯片的IO电平状态。
/*=============================================================================
# FileName: Hi3520_IO_CTRL.cpp
# Desc: Hi3520DV300 IO Write and Read
# Author: Caibiao Lee
# Version:
# LastChange: 2018-11-30
# History:
=============================================================================*/
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include "hstGpioAL.h"
int PrintfInputTips(char *ps8Name)
{
printf("=========== error!!! ========\n\n");
printf("usage Write: %s GPIO bit value \n", ps8Name);
printf("usage Read : %s GPIO bit \n", ps8Name);
printf("eg Write 1 to GPIO1_bit02 : %s 1 2 1\n", ps8Name);
printf("eg Read GPIO1_bit02 Value : %s 1 2 \n\n", ps8Name);
printf("=============BT20==================\n")
printf("USB HUB GPIO_0_2 1_UP; 0_Down \n");
printf("RESET_HD GPIO_13_0 0_EN; 1_disEN\n");
printf("Power_HD GPIO_13_3 1_UP; 0_Down \n");
return 0;
}
int main(int argc, char **argv)
{
if((3!=argc)&&(4!=argc))
{
PrintfInputTips(argv[0]);
return -1;
}
unsigned char l_u8GPIONum = 0;
unsigned char l_u8GPIOBit = 0;
unsigned char l_u8SetValue = 0;
GPIO_GROUP_E l_eGpioGroup;
GPIO_BIT_E l_eBit;
GPIO_DATA_E l_eData;
l_u8GPIONum = atoi(argv[1]);
l_u8GPIOBit = atoi(argv[2]);
if(l_u8GPIONum<14)
{
l_eGpioGroup = (GPIO_GROUP_E)l_u8GPIONum;
}else
{
printf("l_u8GPIONum error l_u8GPIONum = %d\n",l_u8GPIONum);
return -1;
};
if(l_u8GPIOBit<8)
{
l_eBit = (GPIO_BIT_E)l_u8GPIOBit;
}else
{
printf("l_u8GPIOBit error l_u8GPIOBit = %d\n",l_u8GPIOBit);
return -1;
}
if(NULL!=argv[3])
{
l_u8SetValue = atoi(argv[3]);
if(0==l_u8SetValue)
{
l_eData = (GPIO_DATA_E)l_u8SetValue;
}else if(1==l_u8SetValue)
{
l_eData = (GPIO_DATA_E)l_u8SetValue;
}else
{
printf("l_u8SetValue error l_u8SetValue = %d\n",l_u8SetValue);
}
}
if(3==argc)
{/**read**/
printf("read GPIO%d Bit%d \n",l_u8GPIONum,l_u8GPIOBit);
/**set input**/
HstGpio_Set_Direction(l_eGpioGroup, l_eBit, GPIO_INPUT);
/**read **/
char l_s8bit_val = 0;
HstGpio_Get_Value(l_eGpioGroup, l_eBit, &l_s8bit_val);
printf("read Data = %d \n",l_s8bit_val);
}else if(4==argc)
{/**write**/
printf("Write GPIO %d; Bit %d; Value %d\n",l_u8GPIONum,l_u8GPIOBit,l_u8SetValue);
/***set IO output*/
HstGpio_Set_Direction(l_eGpioGroup, l_eBit, GPIO_OUPUT);
/**Write To IO**/
HstGpio_Set_Value(l_eGpioGroup,l_eBit,l_eData);
}else
{
}
return 0;
}
完整工程代码下载地址：Hi3520DV300 IO读写应用小程序
（六）路由追踪
路由追踪用来查看网络路由状态，在linux设备中，可以使用traceroute 和tracepath 命令来跟踪路由。在我UbuntuPC端我使用tracepath跟踪我主机到百度的路由如下：
biao@ubuntu:~$
biao@ubuntu:~$
biao@ubuntu:~$ tracepath www.baidu.com
1?: [LOCALHOST] pmtu 1500
1: 192.168.20.254 1.425ms
1: 192.168.20.254 1.733ms
2: 10.10.10.254 1.997ms
3: 10.10.10.254 1.522ms pmtu 1492
3: 100.64.0.1 10.884ms
4: 113.106.44.49 4.968ms asymm 5
5: 202.105.158.77 4.629ms
6: 113.96.4.42 11.837ms
7: no reply
8: 14.29.121.190 9.454ms
9: no reply
10: no reply
11: no reply
12: no reply
13: no reply
14: no reply
15: no reply
^C
biao@ubuntu:~$
在我一台使用移动物联网卡的设备上运行traceroute,它是4G卡拨号上网的，他的路由情况如下：
~ #
~ #
~ # traceroute www.baidu.com
traceroute to www.baidu.com (111.13.100.92), 30 hops max, 38 byte packets
1 * 192.168.16.17 (192.168.16.17) 177.186 ms 79.267 ms
2 * * *
3 117.132.190.74 (117.132.190.74) 68.455 ms 51.361 ms 59.812 ms
4 * * *
5 221.183.38.90 (221.183.38.90) 83.953 ms 87.263 ms 74.621 ms
6 111.13.98.101 (111.13.98.101) 81.521 ms 111.13.98.93 (111.13.98.93) 77.664 ms 111.13.98.101 (111.13.98.101) 79.678 ms
7 * * 111.13.112.57 (111.13.112.57) 418.551 ms
8 * * *
9 * * *
10 *
（七）文件固定位置插入数据
在文件的固定位置插入固定的数据
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#define BASIC_FILE_NAME "./nandflash.bin"
#define UBOOT_FILE_NAME "./u-boot.bin"
#define KERNEL_FILE_NAME "./kernel.bin"
#define ROOTFS_FILE_NAME "./rootfs.bin"
#define APP_FILE_NAME "./app.bin"
#define UBOOT_POSITION 0x00
#define KERNEL_POSITION 0x100000
#define ROOTFS_POSITION 0x500000
#define APP_POSITION 0x2700000
int InsertData(FILE *pfBasic,FILE *psInsert,int s32Position)
{
int l_S32Ret = 0;
unsigned char l_arru8Temp[1024] = {0xff};
fseek(pfBasic,s32Position,SEEK_SET);
fseek(psInsert,0,SEEK_SET);
while(1)
{
l_S32Ret = fread(l_arru8Temp,1,1024,psInsert);
if(l_S32Ret > 0)
{
l_S32Ret = fwrite(l_arru8Temp,1,l_S32Ret,pfBasic);
if(l_S32Ret<=0)
{
printf("line %d error l_S32Ret = %d \n",__LINE__,l_S32Ret);
return -1;
}
}else
{
break;
}
}
return 0;
}
int main(void)
{
int l_s32Ret = 0;
FILE *l_pfBasec = NULL;
FILE *l_pfUboot = NULL;
FILE *l_pfKernel = NULL;
FILE *l_pfRootfs = NULL;
FILE *l_pfApp = NULL;
l_pfBasec = fopen(BASIC_FILE_NAME,"r+");
if(NULL==l_pfBasec)
{
printf("line %d error \n",__LINE__);
goto ERROR;
}
l_pfUboot = fopen(UBOOT_FILE_NAME,"r");
if(NULL==l_pfUboot)
{
printf("line %d error \n",__LINE__);
goto ERROR;
}
l_pfKernel = fopen(KERNEL_FILE_NAME,"r");
if(NULL==l_pfKernel)
{
printf("line %d error \n",__LINE__);
goto ERROR;
}
l_pfRootfs = fopen(ROOTFS_FILE_NAME,"r");
if(NULL==l_pfRootfs)
{
printf("line %d error \n",__LINE__);
goto ERROR;
}
l_pfApp = fopen(APP_FILE_NAME,"r");
if(NULL==l_pfApp)
{
printf("line %d error \n",__LINE__);
goto ERROR;
}
if(0> InsertData(l_pfBasec,l_pfUboot,UBOOT_POSITION))
{
printf("line %d error \n",__LINE__);
goto ERROR;
}
if(0> InsertData(l_pfBasec,l_pfKernel,KERNEL_POSITION))
{
printf("line %d error \n",__LINE__);
goto ERROR;
}
if(0> InsertData(l_pfBasec,l_pfRootfs,ROOTFS_POSITION))
{
printf("line %d error \n",__LINE__);
goto ERROR;
}
if(0> InsertData(l_pfBasec,l_pfApp,APP_POSITION))
{
printf("line %d error \n",__LINE__);
goto ERROR;
}
ERROR:
if(NULL!=l_pfBasec)
{
fclose(l_pfBasec);
l_pfBasec = NULL;
}
if(NULL!=l_pfUboot)
{
fclose(l_pfUboot);
l_pfUboot = NULL;
}
if(NULL!=l_pfKernel)
{
fclose(l_pfKernel);
l_pfKernel = NULL;
}
if(NULL!=l_pfRootfs)
{
fclose(l_pfRootfs);
l_pfRootfs = NULL;
}
if(NULL!=l_pfApp)
{
fclose(l_pfApp);
l_pfApp = NULL;
}
return 0;
}
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