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Ubuntu16.04下载软件速度有点慢，因为默认的是从国外下载软件，那就更换到国内比较好的快速更新源（就是这些软件所在的服务器），一般直接百度Ubuntu更新源就能出来一大堆，这时候最好是找和自己Ubuntu版本一致的更新源，我的Ubuntu版本是16.04，下面是我找到的一个比较好的更新源。
1.寻找国内镜像源
https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/help/ubuntu/
2.配置source list源
sources.list系统自带的，源是来Ubuntu的官网！安装包比较慢，所以最好切换成国内的
linuxidc.com@ubuntu:~$ cd /etc/apt
linuxidc.com@ubuntu:/etc/apt$ sudo cp sources.list sources.list.bak
linuxidc.com@ubuntu:/etc/apt$ vim sources.list
# 默认注释了源码镜像以提高 apt update 速度，如有需要可自行取消注释
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ xenial main restricted universe multiverse
# deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ xenial main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ xenial-updates main restricted universe multiverse
# deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ xenial-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ xenial-backports main restricted universe multiverse
# deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ xenial-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ xenial-security main restricted universe multiverse
# deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ xenial-security main restricted universe multiverse
# 预发布软件源，不建议启用
# deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ xenial-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
# deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ xenial-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
3. 更新源
linuxidc.com@ubuntu:/etc/apt$ sudo apt-get update
命中:1 http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu xenial InRelease
命中:2 http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu xenial-updates InRelease
命中:3 http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu xenial-backports InRelease
命中:4 http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu xenial-security InRelease
正在读取软件包列表... 完成
测试：安装sl包
linuxidc.com@ubuntu:/etc/apt$ sudo apt-get install sl
linuxidc.com@ubuntu:/etc/apt$ sl
官方源
Ubuntu 16.04官方默认更新源sources.list
#deb cdrom:[Ubuntu 16.04.1 LTS _Xenial Xerus_ - Release amd64 (20160719)]/ xenial main restricted
# See http://help.ubuntu.com/community/UpgradeNotes for how to upgrade to
# newer versions of the distribution.
deb http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ xenial main restricted
# deb-src http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ xenial main restricted
## Major bug fix updates produced after the final release of the
## distribution.
deb http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ xenial-updates main restricted
# deb-src http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ xenial-updates main restricted
## N.B. software from this repository is ENTIRELY UNSUPPORTED by the Ubuntu
## team, and may not be under a free licence. Please satisfy yourself as to
## your rights to use the software. Also, please note that software in
## universe WILL NOT receive any review or updates from the Ubuntu security
## team.
deb http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ xenial universe
# deb-src http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ xenial universe
deb http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ xenial-updates universe
# deb-src http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ xenial-updates universe
4.其他一些命令
sudo apt-get update 更新源
sudo apt-get install package 安装包
sudo apt-get remove package 删除包
sudo apt-cache search package 搜索软件包
sudo apt-cache show package 获取包的相关信息，如说明、大小、版本等
sudo apt-get install package --reinstall 重新安装包
sudo apt-get -f install 修复安装
sudo apt-get remove package --purge 删除包，包括配置文件等
sudo apt-get build-dep package 安装相关的编译环境
sudo apt-get upgrade 更新已安装的包
sudo apt-get dist-upgrade 升级系统
sudo apt-cache depends package 了解使用该包依赖那些包
sudo apt-cache rdepends package 查看该包被哪些包依赖
sudo apt-get source package 下载该包的源代码
sudo apt-get clean && sudo apt-get autoclean 清理无用的包
sudo apt-get check 检查是否有损坏的依赖 | 
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