(已翻译,请参考)Thanks for the opportunity to answer this question. Certainly there is statistically a serious problem with Chinese workers being denied positions at the upper level of US corporations. Asian Americans have the lowest chance of rising to management when compared with blacks, Hispanics and women despite having the highest academic performance. Asian American men experience even higher rates of promotion discrimination than Asian American women though the men are higher paid.
感谢您的这个问题。众所周知,从数据上来看,中国工作者确实长期美国公司的高层职位排斥在外。与黑人、西班牙裔和女性群体相比,虽然亚裔美国人的学术成就最高,他们走向管理层的几率却是最低的。尽管有着更高的收入,亚裔美国男性面临的升职歧视甚至比亚裔女性还要高。
At the CEO level in 2014 there were actually 0 Chinese heads of Global Fortune 500 companies outside China. The UK had 7, US 6, France 6, Australia 5, Germany 4, Belgium 3, Brazil 3, Switzerland 2, Japan 0 and China 0. Chinese foreign executive salaries also trailed in a similar way to these other countries.
2014年,中国之外的世界财富五百强企业中,其实没有一个中国人达到CEO这个水平。英国有7个人,美国6人,法国6人,澳大利亚5人,德国4人,比利时3人,巴西3人,瑞士2人,中国和日本0人。在外国的中国经理人的薪资水平与其他国家相比,也和这个趋势相似。
There are some identifiable reasons for the dearth of CEOs outside China. Last year China graduated 8 million university students, yet only 10% were suitable for foreign companies due to poor English and an education too focused on theory rather than practical experience and skills. Also, better opportunities now exist in high growth China. Indians will move more easily to the US since living conditions in their country are far less developed. But, China is a comfortable place for many Chinese who may be less willing to leave. It also takes longer to reach the CEO level outside of China. The average time it took an executive to make CEO in China was 15 years vs 25 years outside China. The problem for these top executives who stay is that these practices somewhat insulate Chinese executives, making them essentially Chinese specialists, and less adaptable to other markets. Another risk of staying in China as an executive is that the next wave of Chinese talent may overtake them with better language skills and world view and experience.
中国人很少在外企中做到CEO,有一些可以辨明的原因。去年,中国有八百万大学生毕业,但却只有10%可以适应在外企工作,主要原因就是英语能力不足,以及教育体系过于注重理论而非实践经验和技巧。同时,中国现在发展迅速,也有更好的机会。由于国内的生活条件远不如美国发达,印度人更倾向于移居到美国。但是,对很多中国人来说,生活在中国本身就很舒服,这可能削弱他们移居外国的意愿。在国外升到CEO也比在中国国内花的时间更长。在中国,从主管升到CEO平均值需要15年,而在国外,需要25年。对于高级别的经理人而言,问题在于,中国的经理们的实践在某种程度上将他们隔绝在自己的领域中,使他们成为中国的专家,却不太能适应其他国家的市场。在中国做经理人面临的另一个挑战是:他们可能被年轻的新一代中国领导人赶超——他们有着更娴熟的语言技巧、更开阔的世界观和更丰富的经历。
So, what is the solution inside the US for Chinese Americans wanting to advance to the top? I see basically three ways that have the potential to move the needle. The first is businesses must make sure they have robust diversity initiatives within their organizations to attract and recruit Asian Americans into significant leadership roles. Currently Asian Americans make up 6% of the US population while less than 1% of corporate leadership is Asian.
那么,对于华裔或者在美国工作的中国人升到顶尖职位的难题,解决方法是什么呢?我觉得,基本上有三种方法有可能改变现状。第一,用人企业得确保自己内部坚定地执行多样化方案,来吸引和招募亚裔美国人,让他们担任重要的领导角色。目前,亚裔占美国人口的百分之六,却在公司的领导岗位上只占不足百分之一。
Another significant effort with potential is organizations like National Association for Asian American Professionals (NAAAP). Just like it's name, this non-profit seeks to provide programs, training and advocacy to push Asians to the top. NAAAP is growing fast and making an impact.
另一个可能有帮助的方法是通过例如亚裔美国职业协会这样的组织。就像它的名字一样,这个非盈利组织致力于提供职业训练项目和支持,来推动亚裔走向顶级岗位。这个组织如今发展得很快,也有一定的影响力。
Finally, individual students and professionals should seek out mentors and individually take action to build their own skills. Learning how to business network and build social connections, as well as learn practical business skills used by top professionals and executives will give Chinese student applicants, interns, job applicants and current professionals more confidence and potential for promotion. Every ambitious, young business student or professional - whether in finance or management or technology - should be seeking out a mentor or career consultant to make sure they build and maintain career momentum.
最后,学生和职业工作者们自己,也应该多寻求这方面的指导,并采取行动来提升自己的职业技能。学习如何进行商务社交、建立社会联系、同时学习顶级职业人员和经理人所使用的实用商务技能,都将带给中国学生、实习生、求职者和已经在任的职业工作人员更多的自信和更大的升职几率。每一个有志向、年轻的商科学生或职业人员,无论是金融、还是管理或者科技领域,都应该寻求指导或者职业咨询,确保自己建立并保持职业发展势头。
That is why I formed, along with my partner @Ivy Lu, Global Success Professionals (GPS) Advisory Group. Our goal is to make Asian students and professionals more successful in their academic and professional careers. Please feel free to send me or @Ivy Lu and private message for more information on GPS and its career building services.
这也是为什么我与我的合作伙伴一起创办了 Global Professionals Success(GPS) Advisory Group。我们的目标是帮助亚洲的学生和职业人员在学业和职业上更加成功。如果你对相关的职业咨询服务感兴趣,欢迎私信我或者Ivy.
Thank you for the opportunity to answer this question on Zhihu.
谢谢您的这个问题。
Also we will be doing a Live Talk on July 22 at 10:00 AM to talk about building your career with business networking, social relationships, cold calling and cold emailing. See my Zhihu page or @Ivy Lu for the Live Talk details and outline. Good luck to everyone!
插播一句,我们7月22周六上午10点将举行一次live,主要内容是通过商务社交、社会联系来发展自己的职业生涯。我们会从如何给陌生人打电话和写邮件开始。欢迎在我或者Ivy的主页上查看更多的细节和大纲。祝大家好运!live地址:知乎 Live - 全新的实时问答
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