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第二章入门
Windows上安装mongoDB
下载地址:https://www.mongodb.org/downloads
双击安装-->next-->next-->custom-->设置安装目录(h:\MongoDB\)
运行mongonDB,根目录下创建\data\db目录
Cmd 进入安装根目录,执行如下命令
mongod.exe --dbpath h:\MongoDB\data
出现如下错误:
exception in initAndListen: 28663 Cannotstart server. The default is notavailable with this build of mongod. Please specify a different storage engineexplicitly, e.g. --storageEngine=mma
执行如下命令:
mongod.exe --dbpath h:\MongoDB\data --storageEngine=mmapv1
看到如下结果:
H:\MongoDB\Server\3.2\bin>mongod.exe--dbpath h:\MongoDB\data --storageEngine=mmapv1
2016-11-20T09:08:10.655+0800 I CONTROL [main]
2016-11-20T09:08:10.655+0800 W CONTROL [main] 32-bit servers don't have journalingenabled by default. Please use --journal if you want durability.
2016-11-20T09:08:10.655+0800 I CONTROL [main]
2016-11-20T09:08:10.671+0800 I CONTROL [main] Hotfix KB2731284 or later update isnot installed, will zero-out data files
2016-11-20T09:08:10.671+0800 I CONTROL [initandlisten] MongoDB starting : pid=6232port=27017 dbpath=h:\MongoDB\data 32-bit host=retacn
2016-11-20T09:08:10.671+0800 I CONTROL [initandlisten] targetMinOS: WindowsVista/Windows Server 2008
2016-11-20T09:08:10.671+0800 I CONTROL [initandlisten] db version v3.2.10
2016-11-20T09:08:10.671+0800 I CONTROL [initandlisten] git version:79d9b3ab5ce20f51c272b4411202710a082d0317
2016-11-20T09:08:10.671+0800 I CONTROL [initandlisten] allocator: tcmalloc
2016-11-20T09:08:10.671+0800 I CONTROL [initandlisten] modules: none
2016-11-20T09:08:10.671+0800 I CONTROL [initandlisten] build environment:
2016-11-20T09:08:10.671+0800 I CONTROL [initandlisten] distarch: i386
2016-11-20T09:08:10.671+0800 I CONTROL [initandlisten] target_arch: i386
2016-11-20T09:08:10.671+0800 I CONTROL [initandlisten] options: { storage: { dbPath:"h:\MongoDB\data", engine: "mmapv1" } }
2016-11-20T09:08:10.777+0800 I CONTROL [initandlisten]
2016-11-20T09:08:10.777+0800 I CONTROL [initandlisten] ** WARNING: This 32-bitMongoDB binary is deprecated
2016-11-20T09:08:10.778+0800 I CONTROL [initandlisten] ** NOTE: This is a 32-bitMongoDB binary running on a 64-bit operating
2016-11-20T09:08:10.778+0800 I CONTROL [initandlisten] ** system. Switch to a 64-bit build ofMongoDB to
2016-11-20T09:08:10.779+0800 I CONTROL [initandlisten] ** support larger databases.
2016-11-20T09:08:10.779+0800 I CONTROL [initandlisten]
2016-11-20T09:08:10.779+0800 I CONTROL [initandlisten]
2016-11-20T09:08:10.780+0800 I CONTROL [initandlisten] ** NOTE: This is a 32 bitMongoDB binary.
2016-11-20T09:08:10.780+0800 I CONTROL [initandlisten] ** 32 bit builds are limited to less than2GB of data (or less with --journal).
2016-11-20T09:08:10.780+0800 I CONTROL [initandlisten] ** Note that journaling defaults to off for32 bit and is currently off.
2016-11-20T09:08:10.782+0800 I CONTROL [initandlisten] ** See http://dochub.mongodb.org/core/32bit
2016-11-20T09:08:10.784+0800 I CONTROL [initandlisten]
2016-11-20T09:08:10.790+0800 I INDEX [initandlisten] allocating new ns fileh:\MongoDB\data\local.ns, filling with zeroes...
2016-11-20T09:08:11.211+0800 I STORAGE [FileAllocator] allocating new datafileh:\MongoDB\data\local.0, filling with zeroes...
2016-11-20T09:08:11.213+0800 I STORAGE [FileAllocator] creating directoryh:\MongoDB\data\_tmp
2016-11-20T09:08:11.573+0800 I STORAGE [FileAllocator] done allocating datafileh:\MongoDB\data\local.0, size: 64MB,took 0.356 secs
2016-11-20T09:08:11.577+0800 I NETWORK [HostnameCanonicalizationWorker] Startinghostname canonicalization worker
2016-11-20T09:08:11.577+0800 I FTDC [initandlisten] Initializing full-timediagnostic data capture with directory 'h:/MongoDB/data/diagnostic.data
'
2016-11-20T09:08:11.583+0800 I NETWORK [initandlisten] waiting for connections onport 27017
MongoDB的默认使用27017端口
重新启动一个mongoDB,运行mongo.exe
H:\MongoDB\bin>mongo.exe
2016-11-20T09:31:58.985+0800 I CONTROL [main] Hotfix KB2731284 or later update isnot installed, will zero-out data files
MongoDB shell version: 3.2.11
connecting to: test
#插入两件记录
> db.foo.insert({test:1})
WriteResult({ "nInserted" : 1 })
> db.foo.insert({test:2})
WriteResult({ "nInserted" : 1 })
#查询记录
> db.foo.find()
{ "_id" :ObjectId("5830fd65465a96c3b983ef1d"), "test" : 1 }
{ "_id" :ObjectId("5830fd6d465a96c3b983ef1e"), "test" : 2 }
#移除一条记录
> db.foo.remove({test:1})
WriteResult({ "nRemoved" : 1 })
#查询记录
> db.foo.find()
{ "_id" : ObjectId("5830fd6d465a96c3b983ef1e"),"test" : 2 }
创建mongoDB服务
方法一:
Cmd-->ctrl+shiift+enter(以管理员身份运行)
创建数据和日志服务
创建配置文件
H:\MongoDB>mkdir h:\MongoDB\data\db
H:\MongoDB>mkdir h:\MongoDB\data\log
创建配置文件
根目录下创建mongod.cfg文件,添加如下内容:
systemLog:
destination: file
path: H:\MongoDB\data\log\mongod.txt
storage:
dbPath: H:\MongoDB\data\db
安装服务
mongod.exe --config h:\MongoDB\mongod.cfg--install --serviceName MongoDB
第二种方法
sc.exe create MongoDB binPath="\"h:\MongoDB\bin\mongod.exe\" --service --config=\"h:\MongoDB\mongod.cfg\""DisplayName= "MongoDB" start= "auto"
开启服务
Net start MondoDB
关闭服务
Net stop MonDB
删除服务
方式一:
mongod.exe--remove
方式二:
sc.exe delete MongoDB
运行shell:
#启动时会自运连接mongodb服务器
C:\Users\Administrator>mongo.exe
2017-01-02T21:52:17.980+0800 I CONTROL [main] Hotfix KB2731284 or later update isnot installed, will zero-out data files
MongoDB shell version: 3.2.11
connecting to: test
#shell具备功能完备的javascript解释器,可以运行javascript程序
> Math.sin(Math.PI/2);
1
> new Date("2017/1/1");
ISODate("2016-12-31T16:00:00Z")
> "HelloWorld!".replace("World","MongoDB");
Hello MongoDB!
#查看当前指向数据库
> db
Test
#重新指向数据库
> use foobar
switched to db foobar
> db
Foobar
#创建,添加一个文档到集合中
> post={"title":"My Blogpost","content":"Here is my bolgpost.","data":new Date()}
{
"title" : "My Blog post",
"content" : "Here is my bolg post.",
"data" : ISODate("2017-01-02T14:17:53.878Z")
}
#读取
#查询所有文档,最多显示20条
> db.blog.find()
{ "_id" :ObjectId("586a617718af40bbf39030b0"), "title" : "MyBlog post", "content" : "Here is my bolg post.","data" : ISODate("2017-01-02T14:17:53.8
78Z") }
#只查看一条记录
> db.blog.findOne()
{
"_id" : ObjectId("586a617718af40bbf39030b0"),
"title" : "My Blog post",
"content" : "Here is my bolg post.",
"data" : ISODate("2017-01-02T14:17:53.878Z")
}
>
#更新
#1添加新字段
> post.comments=[]
[ ]
> db.blog.update({title:"My Blogpost"},post)
WriteResult({ "nMatched" : 1,"nUpserted" : 0, "nModified" : 1 })
> db.bolg.find()
> db.blog.findOne()
{
"_id" : ObjectId("586a617718af40bbf39030b0"),
"title" : "My Blog post",
"content" : "Here is my bolg post.",
"data" : ISODate("2017-01-02T14:17:53.878Z"),
"comments" : [ ]
}
#删除
>db.blog.remove({title:"My Blog post"})
WriteResult({"nRemoved" : 1 })
>db.blog.find()
Shell的常用方法:
#查看数据库名
> show dbs
local0.000GB
test0.000GB
#查看当前数据库的集合
> show collections
Foo
#查看用户
> show users
> show profile
db.system.profile is empty
Use db.setProfilingLevel(2) will enableprofiling
Use db.system.profile.find() to show rawprofile entries
> db.help()
DB methods:
db.adminCommand(nameOrDocument) - switches to 'admin' db, and runscommand [ just calls db.runCommand(...) ]
db.auth(username, password)
db.cloneDatabase(fromhost)
db.commandHelp(name) returns the help for the command
db.copyDatabase(fromdb, todb, fromhost)
db.createCollection(name, { size : ..., capped : ..., max : ... } )
db.createUser(userDocument)
db.currentOp() displays currently executing operations in the db
db.dropDatabase()
db.eval() - deprecated
db.fsyncLock() flush data to disk and lock server for backups
db.fsyncUnlock() unlocks server following a db.fsyncLock()
db.getCollection(cname) same as db['cname'] or db.cname
db.getCollectionInfos([filter]) - returns a list that contains the namesand options of the db's collections
db.getCollectionNames()
db.getLastError() - just returns the err msg string
db.getLastErrorObj() - return full status object
db.getLogComponents()
db.getMongo() get the server connection object
db.getMongo().setSlaveOk() allow queries on a replication slave server
db.getName()
db.getPrevError()
db.getProfilingLevel() - deprecated
db.getProfilingStatus() - returns if profiling is on and slow threshold
db.getReplicationInfo()
db.getSiblingDB(name) get the db at the same server as this one
db.getWriteConcern() - returns the write concern used for any operationson this db, inherited from server object if set
db.hostInfo() get details about the server's host
db.isMaster() check replica primary status
db.killOp(opid) kills the current operation in the db
db.listCommands() lists all the db commands
db.loadServerScripts() loads all the scripts in db.system.js
db.logout()
db.printCollectionStats()
db.printReplicationInfo()
db.printShardingStatus()
db.printSlaveReplicationInfo()
db.dropUser(username)
db.repairDatabase()
db.resetError()
db.runCommand(cmdObj) run a database command. if cmdObj is a string, turns it into { cmdObj: 1 }
db.serverStatus()
db.setLogLevel(level,<component>)
db.setProfilingLevel(level,<slowms>) 0=off 1=slow 2=all
db.setWriteConcern( <write concern doc> ) - sets the write concernfor writes to the db
db.unsetWriteConcern( <write concern doc> ) - unsets the writeconcern for writes to the db
db.setVerboseShell(flag) display extra information in shell output
db.shutdownServer()
db.stats()
db.version() current version of the server
> db.foo.help()
DBCollection help
db.foo.find().help() - show DBCursor help
db.foo.bulkWrite( operations, <optional params> ) - bulk executewrite operations, optional parameters are: w, wtimeout, j
db.foo.count( query = {}, <optional params> ) - count the numberof documents that matches the query, optional parameters are: limit, skip, hi
nt, maxTimeMS
db.foo.copyTo(newColl) - duplicates collection by copying all documentsto newColl; no indexes are copied.
db.foo.convertToCapped(maxBytes) - calls {convertToCapped:'foo',size:maxBytes}} command
db.foo.createIndex(keypattern[,options])
db.foo.createIndexes([keypatterns], <options>)
db.foo.dataSize()
db.foo.deleteOne( filter, <optional params> ) - delete firstmatching document, optional parameters are: w, wtimeout, j
db.foo.deleteMany( filter, <optional params> ) - delete allmatching documents, optional parameters are: w, wtimeout, j
db.foo.distinct( key, query, <optional params> ) - e.g.db.foo.distinct( 'x' ), optional parameters are: maxTimeMS
db.foo.drop() drop the collection
db.foo.dropIndex(index) - e.g. db.foo.dropIndex( "indexName" )or db.foo.dropIndex( { "indexKey" : 1 } )
db.foo.dropIndexes()
db.foo.ensureIndex(keypattern[,options]) - DEPRECATED, use createIndex()instead
db.foo.explain().help() - show explain help
db.foo.reIndex()
db.foo.find([query],[fields]) - query is an optional query filter.fields is optional set of fields to return.
e.g. db.foo.find( {x:77} , {name:1, x:1} )
db.foo.find(...).count()
db.foo.find(...).limit(n)
db.foo.find(...).skip(n)
db.foo.find(...).sort(...)
db.foo.findOne([query], [fields], [options], [readConcern])
db.foo.findOneAndDelete( filter, <optional params> ) - deletefirst matching document, optional parameters are: projection, sort, maxTimeMS
db.foo.findOneAndReplace( filter, replacement, <optional params> )- replace first matching document, optional parameters are: projection, sor
t, maxTimeMS, upsert, returnNewDocument
db.foo.findOneAndUpdate( filter, update, <optional params> ) -update first matching document, optional parameters are: projection, sort, maxT
imeMS, upsert, returnNewDocument
db.foo.getDB() get DB object associated with collection
db.foo.getPlanCache() get query plan cache associated with collection
db.foo.getIndexes()
db.foo.group( { key : ..., initial: ..., reduce : ...[, cond: ...] } )
db.foo.insert(obj)
db.foo.insertOne( obj, <optional params> ) - insert a document,optional parameters are: w, wtimeout, j
db.foo.insertMany( [objects], <optionalparams> ) - insert multiple documents, optional parameters are: w, wtimeout,j
db.foo.mapReduce( mapFunction , reduceFunction , <optional params>)
db.foo.aggregate( [pipeline], <optional params> ) - performs anaggregation on a collection; returns a cursor
db.foo.remove(query)
db.foo.replaceOne( filter, replacement, <optional params> ) -replace the first matching document, optional parameters are: upsert, w,wtimeou
t, j
db.foo.renameCollection( newName , <dropTarget> ) renames thecollection.
db.foo.runCommand( name , <options> ) runs a db command with thegiven name where the first param is the collection name
db.foo.save(obj)
db.foo.stats({scale: N, indexDetails: true/false, indexDetailsKey:<index key>, indexDetailsName: <index name>})
db.foo.storageSize() - includes free space allocated to this collection
db.foo.totalIndexSize() - size in bytes of all the indexes
db.foo.totalSize() - storage allocated for all data and indexes
db.foo.update( query, object[, upsert_bool, multi_bool] ) - instead oftwo flags, you can pass an object with fields: upsert, multi
db.foo.updateOne( filter, update, <optional params> ) - update thefirst matching document, optional parameters are: upsert, w, wtimeout, j
db.foo.updateMany( filter, update, <optional params> ) - updateall matching documents, optional parameters are: upsert, w, wtimeout, j
db.foo.validate( <full> ) - SLOW
db.foo.getShardVersion() - only for use with sharding
db.foo.getShardDistribution() - prints statistics about datadistribution in the cluster
db.foo.getSplitKeysForChunks( <maxChunkSize> ) - calculates splitpoints over all chunks and returns splitter function
db.foo.getWriteConcern() - returns the write concern used for anyoperations on this collection, inherited from server/db if set
db.foo.setWriteConcern( <write concern doc> ) - sets the writeconcern for writes to the collection
db.foo.unsetWriteConcern( <write concern doc> ) - unsets the writeconcern for writes to the collection
#查询集合中的所有对象
> db.foo.find()
{ "_id" :ObjectId("586a5b4118af40bbf39030af"), "test" : 2 }
> db.foo.find({test:1})
#查询指定对像
> db.foo.find({test:2})
{ "_id" :ObjectId("586a5b4118af40bbf39030af"), "test" : 2 }
>
6 数据类型
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32位整数
64位整数
64位浮点数
字符串
符号
对象id
日期
正则表达式
代码
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最大值
最小值
未定义
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