linux查看网络信息命令

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匿名网站用户   2020-12-20 07:57   11   0 
#遇到一条很长的命令怎么办，想换行的时候在末尾增加\符号就可以换行继续输入命令了
#在ifconfig内容中找出ip
[root@bogon ~]# ifconfig ens33|grep "inet "\
> |awk '{print $2}'             #awk默认分割符号为空格
192.168.1.107
[root@bogon ~]# ifconfig ens33|grep "inet "|awk '{print $2}'
192.168.1.107
[root@bogon ~]# 

#ping都懂用，可是linux下，ping命令会一直ping，不会自动停止怎么办
[root@bogon ~]# ping www.baidu.com -c 4     #-c 次数
PING www.a.shifen.com (112.80.248.73) 56(84) bytes of data.
64 bytes from 112.80.248.73 (112.80.248.73): icmp_seq=1 ttl=54 time=29.0 ms
64 bytes from 112.80.248.73 (112.80.248.73): icmp_seq=2 ttl=54 time=29.2 ms
64 bytes from 112.80.248.73 (112.80.248.73): icmp_seq=3 ttl=54 time=29.0 ms
64 bytes from 112.80.248.73 (112.80.248.73): icmp_seq=4 ttl=54 time=29.3 ms

--- www.a.shifen.com ping statistics ---
4 packets transmitted, 4 received, 0% packet loss, time 3004ms
rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 29.050/29.171/29.370/0.215 ms
[root@bogon ~]# 


[root@bogon ~]# netstat -an|grep -v unix   #显示网络连接信息，-a所有，-n实际地址 |grep -v 晓得吧，就是反向显示（不显示符合条件）的意思了
Active Internet connections (servers and established)
Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address           Foreign Address         State      
tcp        0      0 0.0.0.0:111             0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN     
tcp        0      0 192.168.122.1:53        0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN     
tcp        0      0 0.0.0.0:22              0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN     
tcp        0      0 127.0.0.1:631           0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN     
tcp        0      0 127.0.0.1:25            0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN     
tcp        0      0 192.168.1.107:22        192.168.1.100:53436     ESTABLISHED
tcp6       0      0 :::111                  :::*                    LISTEN     
tcp6       0      0 :::22                   :::*                    LISTEN     
tcp6       0      0 ::1:631                 :::*                    LISTEN     
tcp6       0      0 ::1:25                  :::*                    LISTEN     
udp        0      0 0.0.0.0:5353            0.0.0.0:*                          
udp        0      0 0.0.0.0:32571           0.0.0.0:*                          
udp        0      0 127.0.0.1:323           0.0.0.0:*                          
udp        0      0 0.0.0.0:48503           0.0.0.0:*                          
udp        0      0 192.168.122.1:53        0.0.0.0:*                          
udp        0      0 0.0.0.0:67              0.0.0.0:*                          
udp        0      0 0.0.0.0:68              0.0.0.0:*                          
udp        0      0 0.0.0.0:69              0.0.0.0:*                          
udp6       0      0 ::1:323                 :::*                               
udp6       0      0 :::30378                :::*                               
raw6       0      0 :::58                   :::*                    7          
Active UNIX domain sockets (servers and established)
Proto RefCnt Flags       Type       State         I-Node   Path
[root@bogon ~]# 

#查看网络连接状态，并汇总信息
[root@bogon ~]# netstat -an|grep tcp
tcp        0      0 0.0.0.0:111             0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN     
tcp        0      0 192.168.122.1:53        0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN     
tcp        0      0 0.0.0.0:22              0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN     
tcp        0      0 127.0.0.1:631           0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN     
tcp        0      0 127.0.0.1:25            0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN     
tcp        0      0 192.168.1.107:22        192.168.1.100:53436     ESTABLISHED
tcp6       0      0 :::111                  :::*                    LISTEN     
tcp6       0      0 :::22                   :::*                    LISTEN     
tcp6       0      0 ::1:631                 :::*                    LISTEN     
tcp6       0      0 ::1:25                  :::*                    LISTEN     
[root@bogon ~]# netstat -an|grep tcp|awk '{++S[$NF]} END {for (a in S) print a,S[a]}'
LISTEN 9
ESTABLISHED 1
[root@bogon ~]# netstat -an|awk '/^tcp/{++S[$NF]} END {for (a in S) print a,S[a]}'    #写法有很多种
LISTEN 9
ESTABLISHED 1
[root@bogon ~]# 


#查看系统路由表，两种方法
[root@bogon ~]# netstat -rn
Kernel IP routing table
Destination     Gateway         Genmask         Flags   MSS Window  irtt Iface
0.0.0.0         192.168.1.1     0.0.0.0         UG        0 0          0 ens33
192.168.1.0     0.0.0.0         255.255.255.0   U         0 0          0 ens33
192.168.122.0   0.0.0.0         255.255.255.0   U         0 0          0 virbr0
[root@bogon ~]# netstat -r
Kernel IP routing table
Destination     Gateway         Genmask         Flags   MSS Window  irtt Iface
default         bogon           0.0.0.0         UG        0 0          0 ens33
192.168.1.0     0.0.0.0         255.255.255.0   U         0 0          0 ens33
192.168.122.0   0.0.0.0         255.255.255.0   U         0 0          0 virbr0
[root@bogon ~]# 


#追踪网络数据包的路径，经过的路由
[root@bogon ~]# traceroute www.12306.com
效果略

#根据域名查ip
[root@bogon ~]# nslookup www.baidu.com
Server:     58.20.127.238
Address:    58.20.127.238#53

Non-authoritative answer:
www.baidu.com   canonical name = www.a.shifen.com.
Name:   www.a.shifen.com
Address: 112.80.248.74
Name:   www.a.shifen.com
Address: 112.80.248.73
#可以使用dig命令，查看NS（域名服务器）记录
[root@bogon ~]# dig www.taobao.com

; <<>> DiG 9.9.4-RedHat-9.9.4-37.el7 <<>> www.taobao.com
;; global options: +cmd
;; Got answer:
;; ->>HEADER<<- opcode: QUERY, status: NOERROR, id: 6829
;; flags: qr rd ra; QUERY: 1, ANSWER: 2, AUTHORITY: 0, ADDITIONAL: 1

;; OPT PSEUDOSECTION:
; EDNS: version: 0, flags:; udp: 4096
;; QUESTION SECTION:
;www.taobao.com.            IN  A

;; ANSWER SECTION:
www.taobao.com.     392 IN  CNAME   www.taobao.com.danuoyi.tbcache.com.
www.taobao.com.danuoyi.tbcache.com. 48 IN A 113.57.228.95

;; Query time: 2 msec
;; SERVER: 58.20.127.238#53(58.20.127.238)
;; WHEN: Mon Jun 26 01:50:56 PDT 2017
;; MSG SIZE  rcvd: 104

[root@bogon ~]# 

#从根服务器开始追踪域名解析过程
[root@bogon ~]# dig www.yahoo.com + trace
;; Invalid option 

; <<>> DiG 9.9.4-RedHat-9.9.4-37.el7 <<>> www.yahoo.com + trace
;; global options: +cmd
;; Got answer:
;; ->>HEADER<<- opcode: QUERY, status: NOERROR, id: 10260
;; flags: qr rd ra; QUERY: 1, ANSWER: 3, AUTHORITY: 0, ADDITIONAL: 1

;; OPT PSEUDOSECTION:
; EDNS: version: 0, flags:; udp: 4096
;; QUESTION SECTION:
;www.yahoo.com.         IN  A

;; ANSWER SECTION:
www.yahoo.com.      592 IN  CNAME   atsv2-fp.wg1.b.yahoo.com.
atsv2-fp.wg1.b.yahoo.com. 34    IN  A   106.10.178.37
atsv2-fp.wg1.b.yahoo.com. 34    IN  A   106.10.178.36

;; Query time: 1 msec
;; SERVER: 58.20.127.238#53(58.20.127.238)
;; WHEN: Mon Jun 26 01:55:09 PDT 2017
;; MSG SIZE  rcvd: 103

;; Got answer:
;; ->>HEADER<<- opcode: QUERY, status: NOERROR, id: 22596
;; flags: qr rd ra; QUERY: 1, ANSWER: 1, AUTHORITY: 1, ADDITIONAL: 1

;; OPT PSEUDOSECTION:
; EDNS: version: 0, flags:; udp: 4096
;; QUESTION SECTION:
;trace.             IN  A

;; ANSWER SECTION:
trace.          3600    IN  A   110.52.11.56

;; AUTHORITY SECTION:
.           48  IN  SOA a.root-servers.net. nstld.verisign-grs.com. 2017062600 1800 900 604800 86400

;; Query time: 1 msec
;; SERVER: 58.20.127.238#53(58.20.127.238)
;; WHEN: Mon Jun 26 01:55:09 PDT 2017
;; MSG SIZE  rcvd: 125

[root@bogon ~]#

随后我会写上如何搭建简单的网络环境的教程

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